Title of the Course: Immunology
Course No. BGE-3101
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction to Immune System: Innate and adaptive immunity, cells of the immune system, soluble mediators of immunity, cytokines, antigen, haptens and carriers, inflammation.
2. Cells involved in the Immune Response: Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells & NK cells), primary and secondary clonal expansion of lymphocytes, monouclear phagocytes, monocytes/macrophages), antigen presenting cells, polymorphs and mast cells.
3. The Lymphoid System: The primary and secondary lymphoid organs and tissues.
4. MHC Molecules: Class, structure and functions of MHC mollecules.
5. Antibodies and T cells Receptors: Structures and general properties of Immunoglobulins, structures of T-cell receptor.
6. Generation of Diversity of Antibodies and T-cell Receptors: Theories of antibody formation, immunogloulin variability, immunoglobulin gene, recombination (light chain gene recombination, heavy chain gene recomgination, variable recombination), somatic mutation, heavy chain constant region genes, class switching, T-cell receptor genes.
SECTION-B
7. Antigen Recognition: Antigen-antibody binding antibody affinity and acidity, antibody specificity and cross reactivity, antigen processing and presentation, T-cell antigen recognition.
8. Antibody Mediated (humoral) and Cell Mediated Immunity: Primary and secondary antibody response, T-dependent and T-independent B-cell activation; T-cell activation and functions, cell mediated cytotoxicity.
9. Complement: Introduction- nomenclature, activities of complement, activation of complement-classical and aleternative pathways, biological effects of complement.
10. Vaccination: Antigens used as vcaccines, Effectiveness of vaccines, adjuvent, active & passive immunity.
11. Immunopathology: Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity & autoimmune disease, aquired immune defficiency syndrome (AIDS).
12. Immunological Techniques: Immunodiffusion, haemagglutination and complement fixation test, direct and indirect, immunoflouroscence, radioimmune assay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Recommended References:
1 Roitt, Brostoff, Male; (1996). Immunology. 4th edition,; Publisher: Dianne Zack; Mosby.
2 Rott, I. (1994). Essential Immunology. 8th edition, Blackweell scientific Publication. London.
3 Benjamini, E. Siney Leskowitz; (1992). Immunology- A short course 2nd edition; Wiley-Liss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc publications, New York, Singapore.
4 Male, D. Champion, B., Cooke, A. (1987). Advanced Immunology, J. B. Lippincott Company Philadelphia.
5 Janeway, Traverse; Immunobiology; (1994); Blackweell scientific publications.
6 Janis Kuby; Immunology, 3rd eidtion; W. H. Freeman and company.
7 Divid Male; Immunology- an Illustrated Outline, 2nd edition; Mosby publication.
8. Staines, N; Brostoffm, J; James. K.; Introduction to Immunology. 2nd edition; Mosby Publication.
Title of the Course: Molecular Genetics
Course No. BGE-3103
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Fine Structure of Gene: Promoters, proximal and distal regulatory sequences, enhanchers, transcription initiating, elongation and termination factors.
2. RNA Processing: Capping, splicing and polyadenylation of RNA.
3. Construction of Gene Libraries: Construction of DNA and genomic libraries, rational and importance of using DNA and genomic libraries.
4. Analysis of Gene and Gene Products: Analysis of DNA by Southern blotting hybridization and analysis of RNA by Northern blotting and Western blotting.
5. Homologous Recombination: Different types of recombination and brief discussion of site specific recombination.
6. Restriction Mapping: Restriction endonuclease, ligase and restriction mapping.
7. Gene Synthesis: Ribosomal RNA gene, RNAgene, RNA gene and foot printing.
8. Gene Silencing and RNA: Concept, mechanisms, and their roles, terminator gene.
SECTION-B
9. Genomic Organization: Structure and gene content of mitochondrial, nuclear and plastid gene expression, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).
10. Transport of nuclearly encoded products in to organelles.
11. Molecular Control of Development: Discovery, types and occurance of transposable elements/transposons of eukaryotes, transposon tagging and genetic significance of transposons chromosome walking and substructive hybridization.
12. Genes in Development: Gene action during development and differtiantion, nuclear and cytoplasmic factors in development, truning genes on and off, development in Drosophila and Arabidopsis thaliana.
13. Mutagenesis: Molecular basis of mutation, targeted mutagenesis, in-vitro site specific mutagenesis.
14. Regulation of Plant Gene Expression: Signal transduction pathway, control of transcription position effect, DNA melhylation, trans-acting factors. Post transcriptional control of gene expression.
15. Nature’s Genetic Engineer: Agrobactorium spp. Organization of Ti and Ri plasmid.
Recommended References:
1. Peter J. L. & Leegood, C. R. (1993). Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. John Willey and sons.
2. Lewin, B. (1996) Gene VI. 7th edition. McMillan Pub. Co. Ltd. USA, UK.
3. Gradener, E. J; Simmons, M. J. and D. P. Snustad (1997). Principles of Genetics. 8th edition. john Willey & Sons Inc. Singapore, NY.
4. Brown, T. A (1995) Gene Cloning: An Introduction. 3rd edition. Capman & Hall Co. Ltd. UK.
Title of the Course: Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
Course No. BGE-3105
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture: Definition, types of culture and historical development, purposes of cell, tissue and organ culture, cellular totipotency, cell and tissue growth process, characteristics and measurement method.
2. Laboratory Organization: Facilities, design, operation and management of laboratory.
3. Culture Media: Components, composition, functions of components, preparation of media. Solidification, media selection and maintenance of media.
4. Aseptic techniques: Plant tissues, chemicals, instruments, glassware’s and personal hygiene.
5. Micro propagation: Selection collection and preparation of explants, plant regeneration: organogenesis and morphogenesis, direct and indirect methods of micro propagation of plants, transfer, storage and maintenance of cultures, factors affecting shooting and rooting, commercial tissue culture, precautions and trouble shooting during plant tissue culture..
6. Protoplast: Isolation, purification and culture of protoplast.
7. Production of disease free plants: Methods of virus elimination, virus indexing, eradication of pathogens other than virus, application and limitations.
SECTION-B
8. Somatic embryo production: Initiation of somatic embryo: callus and suspension culture, maintenance of callus and suspension culture, production and management of somatic embryo and its application, plant formation from somatic embryo.
9. Culture of anther/pollen, ovule, embryo, endosperm and their uses.
10. In vitro pollination and fertilization: Methods and applications.
11. Production and selection of somaclonal and gametoclonal variation, utilization of somaclone and gametoclone in agriculture, in vitro selection of disease resistant and stress tolerant plants.
12. In-vitro conservation of plant materials, methods and factors affecting in vitro conservation, maintenance of frozen culture.
14. Industrial Application of Plant Tissue Culture: Secondary metabolites derived from plants and their uses. Techniques of selecting cell lines for high production of secondary products. Mass cultivation of plant cells, scale-up, isolation, immobilization & purification and limiting factors.
Recommended References:
1. Bhojwani, S. S. (1990). Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford, NY. Gamborg, O. L. and G. C. Phillips (1996).
2. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture: Fundamental Methods. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
3. Razdan, M. K. (1993). An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Calcutta. India.
4. Reinert, J and Y. P. S. Bajaj (1995). Plant Tissue and Organ Culture: Applied and fundamental aspects. Narosa publishing House, New Delhi, India.
5. Vasil, I. K. and Thorpe. T. A. (1994). Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands
Title of the Course: Plant Tissue Culture Sessional
Course No. BGE-3106
01 Credit Hours; 02 Contact Hour/Week
1. Techniques of media preparation and their stock solutions.
2. Selection and pretreatment of different kinds of explants.
3. Sterilization techniques of media, instruments and explants.
4. Detection of contamination of media and cultures.
5. Initiation of callus and regeneration.
6. Microscopic analysis of callus for cytodifferentiation.
7. Determination of appropriate stages of anther and pollen.
Recommended References:
1. Bhojwani, S. S. (1990). Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford, NY. Gamborg, O. L. and G. C. Phillips (1996).
2. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture: Fundamental Methods. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
3. Razdan, M. K. (1994). An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. India.
4. Reinert, J and Y. P. S. Bajaj (1995). Plant Tissue and Organ Culture: Applied and fundamental aspects. Narosa publishing House, New Delhi, India.
5. Vasil, I. K. and T. A. Throp (1994). Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Kluwer Academic publishers. London. U.K.
Title of the Course: Animal Cell Culture
Course No. BGE-3107
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Animal cell Cultures new understanding, new developments. Animal cell culture technology in the 21st Century. Advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture.
2. Biology of the cultured cells: Culture environment, cell adhesion, initiation of culture, the development of continuums cell lines, Differentiation.
3. Culture of Specific Cell Types: Epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, neuroectodermal cells, hemopoietic cells.
4. Culture of Tumor Tissue: General methods, selective culture.
5. Three-Dimensional Culture Systems: Organ Culture, histotypic culture, filter wells.
SECTION-B
6. Preparation of cell Line: Isolation of different types of animal tissue; fibroblast, liver, kidney, bone marrow and their uses.
7. Maintenance of Culture Cells: Routine observation and maintenance; cloning and selection of specific cell-types.
8. Quantitation and Experimental Design: Selection of cell line; experimental design; growth phase; cell counting, preparation of samples for enzyme assay and immune assay. Preparation of samples for extraction of DNA and RNA.
9. Specialized Techniques of cell culture: Mass cell culture technique, Lymphocyte preparation. Auto radiography, cell synchrony, culture of aminiocytes, production of monoclonal antibodies.
Recommended References:
1. Beuvery, Griffiths and Zeijlemaker (1995). Animal Cell Technology. Kluwes Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
2. Jack G. Chirikjian (1995). Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume I. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, London, Singapore.
3. Jack G. Chinkjian (1995). Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume II. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, London, Singapore.
4. R.Ian Fresshney, (1998). Culture of Animal Cells. Third Edition, Wiley-Liss, A Hohn Willey and Sons, Inc. Publication, NY, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore.
Title of the Course: Animal Cell Culture Sessional
Course No. BGE-3108
01 Credit Hours; 02 Contact Hour/Week
1. Deign, layout and laboratory requirements.
2. Techniques of sterilization.
3. Preparation of media.
4. Preparation of primary cell lines.
5. Maintenance of primary and permanent cell lines.
6. Cultivation of virus.
7. Virus assay techniques: TCID 50, Plaque assay, Immunofluorescence technique, Haemagglutination and Haemagglutination inhibition test, Enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), Agar Gel Immuno-diffusion test, Agglutination test, Complement fixation test, Serum Neutralization test (SWI).
Recommended References:
1. Beuvery, Griffiths and Zeijlemaker (1995). Animal Cell Technology. Kluwes Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
2. Jack G. Chirikjian (1995). Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume I. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, London, Singapore.
3. Jack G. Chinkjian (1995). Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume II. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, London, Singapore.
4. R.Ian Fresshney, (1998). Culture of Animal Cells. Third Edition, Wiley-Liss, A Hohn Willey and Sons, Inc. Publication, NY, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore.
Title of the Course: Bioprocess Engineering
Course No. BGE-3109
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Importance of bioprocess engineering in biotechnology solid and fluid units and unit conversions.
2. Fluid Statics & Manometer: Static fluid properties, pressure and pressure gauge, measurement of fluid pressure.
3. Fluid Flow Phenomena: One dimensional flow, velocity profile and velocity gradient, viscosity and boundary layer. Renold's number, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid, laminar and turbulent flow.
4. Basic Equations of Fluid Flow: Equation of continuity, mechanical energy balance, roughness and friction factor flow through pipes, expansion, contraction and fitting losses.
5. Agitation & Mixing of Liquids: Introduction, equipment, standard turbine design.
SECTION-B
6. Mode of Heat Transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation.
7. Conduction: Fourier's Law, thermal conductivity, resistances in series, heat flow through cylinder.
8. Convection: Natural and forced convection, overall heat transfer co-efficients, dimensionless numbers.
9. Evaporation: Heat transfer in evaporators, classification and application of evaporators in food-processing industries. Multiple effect evaporators.
10. Heat Exchangers: Double pipe heat-exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers.
Recommended References:
1. McCabe, W. L. Smith, J. C. and harriot, P. (1993). Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. Fifth edition McGraw-Hill, Inc; Singapore.
2. Fox, R. W. and A. L. McDonald, (1995). Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. 4the edition, john Wiley & Sons, Singapore.
3. Streeter., V. L. and E. B. Wylie, Fluid Mechanics'. 15th ed., S. Chand, Co. Ltd. ND, India.
4. Holman. J. P. (19920. Heat Transfer' 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Singapore.
Title of the Course: Bioprocess Engineering Sessional and Field Work
Course No. BGE-3110
01 Credit Hours; 02 Contact Hour/Week
1. Calibration of orifice meter.
2. Verification of Bernoulki's theorem with the help of a Bernoulli's apparatus.
3. Determination of flow rate by venturi meter and orifice plate.
4. Measurement of absolute viscosity of liquid by a falling sphere type viscometer.
Recommended References:
1. McCabe, W. L. Smith, J. C. and harriot, P. (1993). Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. Fifth edition McGraw-Hill, Inc; Singapore.
2. Fox, R. W. and A. L. McDonald, (1995). Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. 4the edition, john Wiley & Sons, Singapore.
3. Streeter., V. L. and E. B. Wylie, Fluid Mechanics'. 15th ed., S. Chand, Co. Ltd. ND, India.
4. Holman. J. P. (19920. Heat Transfer' 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Singapore.
Title of the Course: Food and Nutrition
Course No. BGE-3111
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION- A
1. Introduction: Introduction to food and nutrition, relation between food and nutrition, source of nutrient.
2. Constituents of food stuff: General observations on the composition of food stuffs, analytical & nutritional values, simple carbohydrate and be rived products, polysaccharides based food stuff lipid & protein based food staff vitamin & minerals based food stuff water and pigments based food stuff.
3. Biochemistry of principal foods cereals, proteins from leguminous plants and single cell organisms, fermented drinks, milk & dairy products, meat & blood products, eggs, oils & fats, additives.
SECTION- B
4. Nutritive value of food: Nutritive value of different food item.
5. Menu planning: Menu planning and meal preparation for a family malnutrition, balance sheet.
6. Nutritional Requirements: Nutritional requirements & food adequacy of adults, children, adolescence, mother, old age etc.
7. Food as a Medicine: Diabetes, peptin ulcer, liver disease, kidney cvs dieses.
Recommended References:
1. Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition by suniati R M & MV Raja opal.
2. Hand book of ford & nutrition by Swami Nathan. M.
3. Channels Alcis & Guy linden. “Food Biochemistry” Flies Harwood, New York.
4. Panda PC & Text Book on Egg & poultry technology vikas pub. House Pvt. Ltd. India.
Title of the Course: Histology
Course No. BGE-3113
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION- A
1. Introduction: Introduction and relationship of histology to other subjects.
2. Cells: Composition, activity, structural and functional organization.
3. Primary tissue of the body (epithelial tissue, connective tissue, adipose tissue), their significance, classification, location and histology.
4. Glands, blood and lymph with their classification and histology.
SECTION- B
5. Systemic study: Histology of the digestive respiratory, reproductive, skeletal, integumentary systems.
6. Muscles tissue: smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle, regeneration of muscle tissue.
7. Others: cartilage, mammary glands; glia, endocrine.
Recommended References:
1. Bialy’s text books of histology., W. M. Copenhagen, the Williams co. bastioned.
2. Histology, Roy, O. Greep. McGraw Hill book co. New York. London.
3. Fundamentals of the histology of Domestic Animals. – Traiutman and Feigner, Comstock publishing associates, Ithaca. New York.
4. Atlas of human histology, M. S. H. di Fiore, 1981, Fifth edition, Lea and Febiger.
5. Basic Histology, L. C. Junqueira et al, 1989, Sixth edition, Prentice-Hall International Inc.
Title of the Course: Pharmacognosy
Course No. BGE-3115
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Definition, scope and historical development of Pharmcognosy.
2. Drug literature and publications: Pharmacopoeia, codex, formulary, dispensatory and index, official, non-official, unofficial drugs.
3. Plants in biotechnologicals and traditional systems of medicines: Introduction, different types of alternative systems of treatments- Ayurvedic, Unani, Homeopathic medicine; contribution of traditionaol drugs to modern medicines, details of some common indigenous traditional drugs- Punamava, Vashaka, Anantarnul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera, Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Corrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
4. Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distribution, cultivation, collection, drying and storage, commerce and quality control; classification of druge; preparation of drugs; evaluation of crude drugs; drug adulteration, xenobiotic drugs.
5. a) Properties of the carbohydrates and lipid drugs along with their phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses: sigar cpmtaomomg drigs-sicrpse, dextrpse, g;icpse, frictpse, polysaccharide containing drugs-starches, dextrins, gums and mucilages-tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, sodium alginateagar and cellulose; Castor oil, Linseed oil, Coconut oil, Olive oil, Peanut oil, Chaulmoogar oil, Beeswax, etc.
b) Volatile oils and related termpeoids: methods of obtaining volatile oils, chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important volatile oils used as drugs.
c) Herb as health foods: Alfa, apricot pits, amica, garlic, onion, giseng, spiriluna, sassatras, honey.
SECTION-B
6. Vitamins and vitamin containing few selected animal drugs: Cod liver oil, shark liver oil, Hilsha fish/liver oil etc.
7. Surgical dressings and fibers.
8. Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical uses of glycosides and glycoside-containing drugs: Biosynthesis of glycosides and the details of: cyanogenic-wild cherry; isothiocyanate-mustard (black mustard and white mustard): cardiac-digitalis, strophanthus, squill; saponins-sarsaparilla, glycymhiza, dioscorea; anthraquinone-cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb; other glycosides and neutral principles-gentian, quassia, saffron.
9. Phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses of tannins and tannin containing drugs: Biosynthesis of tannins and details.
10. Phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses of alkaloids and alkaloid-containing drugs: tropane-belladonna, stramonium, hyoscyamus, licaquinoline-cinchona, cusparia barkisoquionoline-jpecacs, opium, sanguinaria, curare; indole-rauwolfia, nex-vomica, ergot, catharanthus; imidazole-polocarplne; steroidal-veretrum viride, aconite; norlupinane-lupinus sppurine base-coffee, tea, cocoa.
11. Biosynthesis of tropane, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids.
Recommended References:
1. Evans, W. C. 1989. Trease & Evans Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 13th edition. University Press, Cambridge.
2. Ali, M. 1994. Textbook of Pharmacacognosy. Satish Kumar Jain for CBS.
3. Tyler, V. E. and Brady, L. R. 1988. Pharmacognosy. 9th edition. Phliadelphia.
4. Gani, A. 1998. Meicinal Plants of Bangladesh: Chemical Constituents & Udes. 1st Edition. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
5. Joshi, S. G. Medicinal Plants.
Title of the Course: Fermentation Technology
Course No. BGE-3201
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Definition & major areas of fermentation technology.
2. Media Formulation and Sterilization Process: Media composition, types of media, factors influencing media formulation, mechanism of sterilization, methods of sterilization, killing kinetics, determination of lethal effects and lethal units.
1. Inocula Preparation & Development: Criteria used for inocula preparation, different processes of preparation, bacterial and fungal iocula preparation and development.
2. Fermentation Kinetics: Rate equation for cell growth. Substrate utilization, product formation, transfers across phase boundaries.
SECTION-B
3. Mode of Fermentations: Batch, fed-batch, continuous fermentation process.
4. Recovery & Purification of Fermentation Products: Methods of recovery and purification.
5. Types and Configuration of Fomenters: Different fermentation designs, types of fomenters, factors influencing fermented design.
6. Instrumentation and Control: Control systems, types of control, air flow monitoring, measurements of power input and temperature, theological measurements, foam and pH probe controls.
Recommended References:
1. Bulock, J. and B. Kristiansen (1987). Basic Biotechnology, Ademic press, London.
2. Smith J. E. Biotechnology: New Series in Biology, Academic press, Canada.
3. Standbury P. F and Whitaker A (1984). Principle of Fermentation Technology, Pergamon Press.
4. Wang, D. et al (1979). Fermentation and enzyme technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA
1. Norris, J. R. and D. W. Ribbons, (9170). Methods in Microbiology, Vol II Academic Press.
2. Prescott & Dunn’s Industrial Microbiolog, 4th edition by Gerald Reed, (1982). Avi Publishing co. Inc. Westport Connecticut.
3. Rhodes, A and D Fletecher, (1977). Principle of Industrial Microbiology, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
4. Crueger W. and Crueger A (1990). Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology, ed Thomas D. Brock sinaure Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.
5. Moo-Yuong (1985). Comprehensive Biotechnology, V-3, Pergamon Press Ltd. Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, England.
Title of the Course: Enzyme Technology
Course No. BGE-3203
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Application of Enzymes in Biotechnology: Advantages of using enzymes for manufacture of products; application of amylolitic, cellulytic, pectolytic and other industrial enzymes.
2. Microbial Screening, Selection and Strain Improvement: Introduction, sources of industrially important microorganisms, techniques of microbial screening, methods of strain improvement.
3.. Enzyme Isolation, Purification and Assay: Introduction, objectives and strategies in enzyme purification; primary clarification of the soluble enzyme; methods of concentrating enzymes; various chromatographic methods for enzyme purification; examples of purification procedure; techniques of enzyme assay.
SECTION-B
4. Structure Determination of Enzymes: Introduction, determination of molecular weight, determination of amino acid composition; determination of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures; unfolding and refolding of enzyme.
5. Industrial Production of Enzymes: Enzymes isolated on an industrial scale and their application.
6. Immobilized Enzymes: Isolated enzymes vs. immobilized enzymes, immobilized whole cell vs. immobilized enzymes. Methods of enzyme immobilization, application of immobilized enzyme.
Recommended References:
1. Wiseman, A. (1985). Principles of Biotechnology. Surrey University Press and Chapman and Hall, New York.
2. Nicholas C. Price & Lewis Stevens (1990). Fundamental of Enzymology. 2nd edition. Oxford Science Publications, UK
3. Watson, J. D Gilman, M, Witkowskli, J., Zoller, M. (1992). Recombinant DNA Technology, Scientific American Books.
Title of the Course: Nitrogen- Fixation and Biofertilizer
Course No. BGE-3205
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: History, soil fertility, sources of nitrogen, N-cycle, forms of soil nitrogen, amount of nitrogen-fixed. Factors affecting nitrogen fixation.
2. Nitrogen Fixation: Methods discharge of electricity, activity of symbionts, activity of free fixers, manufacture of synthetic synthetic nitrogen. Interactions of 02 with N2- fixation; supplies of electrons; energy requirement for N2 fixation. Mechanism of penetration of Rhizobium into roots, signal exchange before cell infection, interaction at the root hair surface infection, infection thread development and nodulation; function of the nodule; measurement of N2 fixation. Factors affecting nodule development.
3. Nitrogenase: Discovery, nature and mode of action and mechanism of nitrogen-fixation.
4. The Nif genes: Nif+ and Nif- ; genetics of Nif in Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure and regulation of Nif genes in K. penumoniae, Rhizobium and Anabeana.
5. Assimilation of fixed nitrogen: NH3 assimilation.
SECTION-B
6. Isolation, Identification and Classification of the Following Microorganisms used as Biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Frankia and Mycorrhizae.
7. Production of Biofertilizers: a) Rhizobium: Mass-production, inoculants, quality control, methods of inoculation and agronomic improtance. b) Azotobacter: Physiology and fuction, crop response. c) Azospirillium: Physiology and function, Inoculant, crop response. d) Frankia: Infection and nodule development. e) Mycorrhizae: Types, physiology and function, inoculum production and inoculation techniques.
8. Blue green algae (BGA): Nitrogen transformations in a low land rice ecosystem; heteroysts-modes of nitrogen fixation in BGA, isolation of BGA, agroclimatic variations; algalization-mass cultivation; multiplication of BGA in the field and effect of inoculation on the yield of rice, pay off from BGA inoculant.
9. General Discussion on: Azolla, green manure, algae and soil reclamation, organic matter composting and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, benefits from biofertilizers.
Recommended References:
1. Gary Stacey, Robert H. Burris and Harold J. Evans (1997). Biological Nitrogen Fixation. First Indian edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
2. Postagate J. R. (1982). The Fundamentals on Nitrogen Fixation. First Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CB21RP
Title of the Course: Nitrogen- Fixation and Biofertilizer Sessional and Field Work
Course No. BGE-3206
01 Credit Hours; 02 Contact Hour/Week
1. Isolation, characterization and identification of the following microorganisms: Rhizobium, spp. Asotobacter spp. and BGA.
2. Nodulation experiments.
3. Study on algalization technique.
4. Study on Azolla spp.
5. Organic matter composting processes.
Recommended References:
1. Gary Stacey, Robert H. Burris and Harold J. Evans (1997). Biological Nitrogen Fixation. First Indian edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
2. Postagate J. R. (1982). The Fundamentals on Nitrogen Fixation. First Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CB21RP
Title of the Course: Bioreactor Design
Course No. BGE-3207
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Comparative assessment of chemical and biological reactors, design criteria.
2. Biological reaction kinetics: The ideal batch reactor, the ideal continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), kinetic implications of endogenous and maintenance metabolism, other forms of growth kinetics, environmental effects on growth kinetics, growth of filamentous organisms.
3. Transport phenomena in bioprocess systems: Introduction, gas-liquid mass transfer in cellular systems, critical oxygen concentration and oxygen uptake, determination of oxygen transfer rates, mass transfer across free surfaces, surfaces, factor affecting oxygen transfer rates, sterilization of gases and liquids by filtration.
SECTION-B
4. Design and analysis of biological reactors: Ideal bioreactors, reactor dynamics, reactor with non-ideal mixing, sterilization reactors, immobilized biocatalysts, multiphase bioreactors, design and operation of a typical aseptic, aerobic biological process.
5. Instrumentation and control: Introduction, process control, in-line measurements, on-line measurements, computers and interfaces.
6. Bioprocess economics: Optimization, types of costs and expenditure.
Recommended References:
1. Bailey, J. E. and D. F. Ollis, (1986).”Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals” second ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore.
2. Moo-Young, M. (ed.), (1985) “Comprehensive Biotechnology”, Volume-2, pergamon press, UK.
Title of the Course: Downstream Processing
Course No. BGE-3209
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Definition, selection criteria, importance of different processes, broth characteristics, operational sequences.
2. Disruption of Microbial Cell: Introduction, composition and structure of different cell wall (bacteria, yeast, other fungi), analysis of disruption, laboratory-scale and large-scale disruption techniques.
3. Recovery and Purification Processes: Membrane separations, electrophoresis, chromatography, precipitation, crystallization, cell recovery by filtration, centrifugation, drying.
SECTION-B
4. Ultra Filtration: Introduction, development of semi-permeable membrane, methods of preparation, factors affecting membrane structure, UF membrane characteristics and performances, membrane fouling and treatment, UF equipment, UF processes in biotechnology.
5. Liquid-liquid Extraction: Introduction, principles of liquid extraction, solvent selection, estraction equipment, process considerations.
6. Ion-Exchange Recovery: Scope, materials, processing methods, ion-exchange recovery of protein.
7. Distillation: Introduction, advantages, principle, process.
Recommended References:
1. Moo-Young, M. (ed.) (1985) Comprehensive Biotechnology, Volume-2, Pergamon Press, UK.
2. Bailey, J. E. and D. F. Ollis, (1986). Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, second ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore.
Title of the Course: Technology Transfer
Course No. BGE-3211
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: Concept and objectives of science & technology and technology transfer.
2. Learning: Concept, theories and laws of learning; learning process, steps of learning and transfer of learning
3. Education: Definition, objectives, principles, types, philosophy; education system in Bangladesh. Role and activities of non-formal education in social mobilization and motivation for dissemination and adoption of technology in different national, international and Non Governmental Organizations.
4. Communication: Definition, importance, elements, medium and types of communication. Communicators, message, audience, audience response, audio-visual aids and communication.
5. Teaching Methods: Definition, steps, classification, methods with their relative merits and demerits. Aids of teaching.
6. Technology: Characteristics of appropriate technology, categories of technology, implications of technology.
SECTION-B
7. Adoption and Diffusion of Technology: Definition and types of innovation, characteristics of innovation, innovation decision, adoption and diffusion, diffusion of innovation process, stages of knowledge and diffusion process, elements of diffusion, adopter categories and their salient features, adoption and innovation factors. Innovation diffusion; factors of the demand and supply of innovation. Planning extension/technology transfer campaigns, on-farm testing and verification of new technology, approach of adapting and dissemination of new technology to farmers.
8. Technology Assessment and Acquisition: Concepts of technology assessment, characteristics, process and factors and tools of technology assessment. Process of technology development and acquisition.
9. Technology Transfer Planning: Concept of technique, know-how, planning, transfer and diffusion of technology. Elements, factors, problem and issues of technology transfer; sources of appropriate technology of different sectors in Bangladesh; technology generating agencies in different sectors of Bangladesh and their activities and policy.
Recommended References:
1. ESCAP Technology Transfer: An ESCAP Training Manual. United Nations Economic and Social Commission For Asia and The Pacific.
2. Islam, M. N. and M. M. Haque (1996). Technology Planning and Control. BUET, Dhaka.
3. Kashem, M. A. (1992). Samprasaran Bijana (Extension Science). Bangladesh Packing Press Ltd. Dhaka.
4. Lionberger, H. F. (1960). Adoption of New Ideas and Practices. Ames. Iowa State University Press.
5. Rogers, E. M (1982). Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press of Glencoe. NY.
Title of the Course: Technology Transfer Sessional and Field Work
Course No. BGE-3212
01 Credit Hours; 02 Contact Hour/Week
1. Study of different teaching and training aids.
2. Planning a training programm for the clients of biotechnological products/ services.
3. Preparation of posters, literature and booklets.
4. Study of model science & technology park and science fair to disseminate technology.
5. Study of technology transfer mechanism of different developmental sectors of Bangladesh.
6. Visit to different research organizations, Govt. Institutes, Private sectors and NGOs to observe the technology transfer activities, preparation and submission of reports.
Recommended References:
1. ESCAP Technology Transfer: An ESCAP Training Manual. United Nations Economic and Social Commission For Asia and The Pacific.
2. Islam, M. N. and M. M. Haque (1996). Technology Planning and Control. BUET, Dhaka.
3. Kashem, M. A. (1992). Samprasaran Bijana (Extension Science). Bangladesh Packing Press Ltd. Dhaka.
4. Lionberger, H. F. (1960). Adoption of New Ideas and Practices. Ames. Iowa State University Press.
5. Rogers, E. M (1982). Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press of Glencoe. NY.
Title of the Course: Techniques in Molecular Biology(op)
Course No. BGE-3213
03 Credit Hours; 03 Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Isolation and purification of DNA and RNA.
2. Quantitation of nucleic acids by UV absorbance spectrometry.
3. Fractionation of RNA: Isolation of RNA.
4. Isolation of plasmid DNA by CsCI-ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradent centrifugation.
5. Properties, use and detection of radio-labelled molecules.
6. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA.
7. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein and microsequencing from two dimensional gel.
SECTION-B
8. Southern blot hybridization and colony blot hybridization and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
9. Restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNA and determination of restriction fragment profile by agarose gel electrophoresis.
10. Non-radioactive DNA probes.
11. Cloning of DNA fragments in a plasmid.
12. Isolation of specific genes from a gemomic and DNA libraries.
13. DNA sequencing by dideoxy chain termination method.
Recommended References:
1. Maniatis, T.; Fritsch E. F.; and Sambrook J. (1984). Molecular cloning – A laboratory manual. Cold spring harbor laboratory, USA.
2. Old, R. W.; and Primrose. S. B. (1989). Principles of Gene Manipulation. Backwell Scientific Publications.
Title of the Course: Plant Pathology
Course No. BGE-3215
03Credit Hours; 03Contact Hour/Week
SECTION-A
1. Introduction: The concept of disease in plants, causes of plant disease, classification of plant disease, importance of plant diseases, diagnosis of plant diseases.
2. Parasitism and Disease Development: Parasitism and pathogenecity, stages in the development of plant disease (inoculation, infection, growth and reproduction of the pathogen, dissemination of the pathogen, overwintering and /or over summering of the pathogen), symptomology.
3. Host-Pathogen Interaction:
a. Pathogen attack of host plants:
i) Mechanical forces exerted by pathogens ii) Chemical weapons of pathogens (Enzymes, toxins and growth regulators)
b. Host defense against pathogens:
i) Structural defense ii) Biochemical defense
c. Pathogens effect on plant physiological functions:
i) Effect of pathogens on photosynthesis ii) Effect of pathogens on host plant respiration iii) Effect of pathogens on translocation of water and nutrients in the host plant
d) Host resistance and pathogen virulence:
i) Immunity and resistance ii) Mechanisms of maintaining variation in plant pathogens and its significance iii) Genetic control of resistance and virulence iv) Gene for gene theory
4. Plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi: Classification and rapid detection of pathogen.
SECTION-B
5. Plant virology: Isolation and purification, disease symptoms, translocation and distribution of viruses in plants, rapid detection.
6. Selected crop diseases (symptoms, causal agents, disease cycle and control measures):
i) Field crops: Rice, Jute, Wheat, Sugarcane, Maize and Groundnut
ii) Fruits: Citrus, Banana and Mango
iii) Vegetable crops: Potato, Tomato, Cabbage and Cauliflower
iv) Miscellaneous: Tea, Tobacco
7. Seed-borne disease: i) Seed-borne bacterial diseases ii) Seed-borne viral diseases iii) Seed-borne fungal diseases iv) Control of seed-borne diseases.
8. Plant Disease Control:
i) Chemical control of plant diseases: Types of chemicals used and specification of a good fungicide, protestant versus systemic fungicides, mechanisms of action of fungicides, evaluation of fungicides in vitro. Resistance of plant pathogens of fungicides.
ii) Biological control of diseases: Use of resistant host varieties, cross protection and interference, hyperparasites, traps crop and antagonistic plants and microorganisms.
Recommended References:
1. Agrios, G. M. 1972. Plant Pathology, Academic Press, London, U.K.
2. Campbell, R. 1989. Biological control of microbial plant pathogens, Cambridge University Press, London, U. K.
3. Neergaard, P. 1980. Seed Pathology (vol. 1 and 2), Academic Press, London, U. K.
4. Singh, R. S. 1980. Plant Diseases, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
Title of the Course: Plant Pathology Sessional and Field Work
Course No. BGE-3216
02 Credit Hours; 01Contact Hour/Week
1. Preparation and sterilization of culture media for the growth of plant pathogen.
2. Isolation, purification and identification of plant pathogens obtained from diseased plant parts.
3. Evaluation of fungicides in vitro.
4. Handling of equipments used for applying fungicides.
5. Seed health testing methods.
6. Collection, identification and preservation of diseased plant specimens.
Recommended References:
1. Agrios, G. M. 1972. Plant Pathology, Academic Press, London, U.K.
2. Campbell, R. 1989. Biological control of microbial plant pathogens, Cambridge University Press, London, U. K.
3. Neergaard, P. 1980. Seed Pathology (vol. 1 and 2), Academic Press, London, U. K.
4. Singh, R. S. 1980. Plant Diseases, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
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